Life
Kafka was innate July 3, 1883, into a middle-class, German-speaking Jewish family in Prague, Bohemia—at that time the a portion of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His father, Hermann Kafka (1852–1931), was a retail merchant, & his mother was Julie Kafka, born Löwy (1856–1934). Although his native language was German, he too learned Czech as the child, since his father come to Prague from either a southern Bohemian, Czech-speaking Jewish community ("kafka" means "jackdaw" within Czech) and he wanted his boy to become fluent in each languages. He as well got a bit of noesis of French language and culture; one of his favorite authors was Flaubert, and he experienced the sentimental fondness for Napoleon. He experienced ii brothers, Georg & Heinrich, neither of whom lived 2 fully years & died prior to Kafka was sise, & terzetto sisters, Elli, Valli & Ottla. From either 1889 to 1893, Kafka attended simple school (Deutsche Knabenschule) at Masná St. (Fleischmarkt) inside Prague then a high at Staroměstské náměstí (located in Kinsky Palace), in which he finished his Matura exam in 1901. He went in to learn law at a Charles University of Prague, and found his law degree around 1906, then worked for the worker's accident insurance agency. He began write of the side. Within 1917 he began to suffer from tuberculosis, which would require frequent recuperation when you took which he was supported by his personal, virtually all notably his sister Ottla, sustaining whom he got lot around green.

A asceticism & self-deprecation by having which Kafka is associated is easily-documented in the letters of his & of his friends and personal; all the same, it does require to exist as put into context.These are usually in agreement that Kafka suffered from either clinical depression and social anxiety through out his entire life. Chronic infection—whether it was psychosomatic is a matter for debate—plagued him; aside from either tb, he suffered from migraines, insomnia, constipation, boils, and more complaint. He attempted to counteract this by the regime of naturopathic treatments, such as the vegetarian diet and consumption of big quantities of unpasteurised milk (a latter even a causal factor of his t.b.).

When at school he took an active role within organizing literary & social cases, doing good deal to promote & organize performances for Yiddish theatre, despite the misgivings of potentially his nearest friends like Max Brod, who commonly supported him within all about else, & quite contrary to his fear of existence perceived when two physically & mentally repulsive, impressed others using his boylike, great, & austere practiced looks, his quiet & cool behavior, & his intelligence & odd feel of humor.

Kafka's relationship using his domineering father is an significant theme within his writing. In the early Twenties he experienced an influential romance by having Czech journalist & writer Milena Jesenská. Within 1923 he briefly moved to Berlin in the hope of distancing himself from his personal's influence to concentrate in his writing. There he met Dorthe Dymant, a 19-month old descended from either an orthodox Jewish personal, world health organization was independent plenty to pass out of her preceding inside ghetto. She became his lover, & influenced Kafka's interest in the Talmud.

Notwithstanding, Kafka's tb worsened; he returned to Prague, so attend the sanatorium near Vienna for treatment, in which he died in June 3, 1924, apparently from starvation. (Kafka's affliction manufactured his throat as well painful to eat, & since intravenous therapy had not been developed, there was there are no way to feed him.) His immune system was brought back to Prague in which he was buried June 11, 1924, inside the New Jewish Cemetery in Prague-Žižkov.

Kafkthe published just two or three short stories in the period of his life-time, a little a portion of his operate, & consequently his writing attracted little attention until when his demise. Before his demise, he instructed his friend & literary executor Max Brod to destroy completely of his manuscripts. Dora Dymant reliably destroyed a manuscripts that she got, however Brod did non watch Kafka's videos & oversaw a publication of virtually all of his operate, which before long began to attract attention & critical regard. Everthing his promulgated works, except many Czech letters to Milena Jesenská, were written inside German.

Critical interpretation
There keep close at hand been several critics world health organization own tried to add up of Kafka's works by interpreting the babies across certain schools of literary criticism—when modernist, magical realist, and so in. A apparent hopelessness & a absurdity that seem to permeate his works come considered emblematic of existentialism. Others use at times tried to secure Marxist influence within his satirization of bureaucracy in pieces like In the Penal Colony, A Test, & A Castle, whereas others point to anarchism as an inspiration for Kafka's anti-bureaucratic individualism. However others st& interpreted his run through the lens of Judaism (because he was Jewish and experienced an interest inside Jewish culture, though he exclusively cultivated it late within life)—Borges made a few perceptive remarks in that regard; across Freudianism (because of his familial struggles); or even when allegories of the metaphysical baby God (Thomas Mann was a exponent of this theory). Themes of alienation & persecution come repeatedly emphasized, & this emphasis—notably in the function of Marthe Robert—partly inspired the counter-criticism of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, who argued that there was great deal other to Kafkthe than a stereotype of a lonely figure writing away from pain, & that his act was additional studied, seditious & however "joyful" than it appears to exist as. Biographers keep close at h& said that it was green for Kafka to review chapters of the books he was working in to his nearest friends, and people readings unremarkably concentrated themselves, in the constant, however several days unheeded, humourous side of his prose. Milan Kundera refers the in essence surrealist humour of Kafka as a main predecessor lately creative person like Federico Fellini, Gabriel García Márquez, Carlos Fuentes and Salman Rushdie. For Márquez it wwhen as he said a reading of Kafka's The Metamorphosis that showed him "that it was possible to write in a different way".

Kafka in cinema
For the to the full listings of films [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0434525/ The IMDb filmography]

Orson Welles wrote and directed an adaptation of The Trial in 1962 starring Anthony Perkins. Welles considered it to exist as his better film. The film where Jeremy Irons stars as a eponymic creator was freed around 1991. Directed by Steven Soderbergh, the motion picture mixes his life & fiction providing the semi-biographical presentation of Kafka's life & works. A story concerns Kafka investigating a disappearance of one of his function colleagues. A plot will require Kafka across several of the writer's have works, virtually all notably The Castle and The Trial. ''Franz Kafka's 'It's the Wonderful Life' '' (1993) is a short film written & directed by Peter Capaldi and starring Richard E. Grant as Kafka. A film blends "Metamorphosis" with Frank Capra's ''It's a Wonderful Life. A second 1993 film portrayed The Trial starring Kyle MacLachlan as a self-obsessed yuppie version of J.K. by using Anthony Hopkins in a cameo role. Metamorphosis, 1987 http://imdb.com/title/tt0093530/ Die Verwandlung (1975) http://imdb.com/title/tt0174019/ Förvandlingen (1976/I) http://imdb.com/title/tt0074561/ Prevrashcheniye (2002) http://imdb.com/title/tt0328279/ Menschenkörper [http://www.menschenkoerper.de] (2004)http://imdb.com/title/tt0411641/

Online texts

[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/7849 The Trial] [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/5200 Metamorphosis]

Bibliography
Short Stories
Description of a Struggle (Beschreibung eines Kampfes - 1904-1905) Wedding Preparations in the Country (Hochzeitsvorbereitungen auf dem Lande - 1907-1908) The Judgment (Das Urteil - September 22-23, 1912) In the Penal Colony (In 500 Strafkolonie - October 1914) The Village Schoolmaster (The Giant Mole) (Five hundred Dorfschullehrer or Der Riesenmaulwurf - 1914-1915) Blumfeld, an Elderly Bachelor (Blumfeld, ein älterer Junggeselle - 1915) The Warden of the Tomb (Der Gruftwächter - 1916-1917), the simply play Kafka wrote A Country Doctor (Ein Landarzt - 1917) The Hunter Gracchus (Der Jäger Gracchus - 1917) The Great Wall of China (Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer - 1917) A Report to an Academy (Ein Bericht für eine Akademie - 1917) The Refusal (Die Abweisung - 1920) A Hunger Artist (Ein Hungerkünstler - 1922) Investigations of a Dog (Forschungen eines Hundes - 1922) A Little Woman (Eine kleine Frau - 1923) The Burrow (Der Bau - 1923-1924) Josephine the Singer, or The Mouse Folk (Josephine, die Sängerin, ofive hundred Das Volk der Mäuse - 1924)

Numbers of collections of the stories develop been published, & it include: Kafka, Franz (ed. Nahum North. Glatzer). A Complete Stories. Just released York: Schocken Books, 1971.

Novellas
The Metamorphosis (Die Verwandlung - November-December 1915)

Novels
The Trial (Der Prozeß - 1925) (includes short story [http://www.pith.net/pithfiles/b4law.htm Before the law]) The Castle (Das Schloß - 1926) America (Amerika - 1927)

Diaries and notebooks
Diaries of Franz Kafka A Blue Eightvo Notebooks

Letters
Letters to Felice Letters to Ottla Letters to Milena Franz Kafka: Letters to Personal, Friends, & Editors

On Kafka
Brod, Max. Franz KafkThe: A Life story. Just released York: Da Capo Click, 1995. Brod, Max. A life story of Franz Kafka, tr. from either a German by G. Humphreys Roberts. London: Secker & Warburg, 1947. Citati, Pietro, Kafka, 1987. Deleuze, Gilles & Felix Guattari. Kafkthe: Toward a Minor Literature (Theory & History of Literature, Vol Thirty). Minneapolis, University of Minnesota, 1986. Greenberg, Martin, A terror of art; Kafka & modern literature. Just released York, Basic Books,1968. Hayman, Ronald. K, the Life of Kafka., London: Phoenix Click, 2001. Murray, Nicholas. Kafka. Just released Haven: Yale, 2004. Pawel, Ernst. The Nightmare of Understanding: A Life of Franz Kafka. Future York : Vintage Books, 1985. Thiher, Allen (ed.). Franz KafkThe: A Survey of the Short Fiction (Twayne's Studies around Short Fiction, There are no Twelve).''